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Grammar

Practical guides on speaking, grammar, pronunciation, listening, and study planning, written for learners who want to use Japanese in real life.

A Japanese verb chart showing causative and causative-passive endings branching from one root
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Grammar · Page 3

A Japanese verb chart showing causative and causative-passive endings branching from one rootGrammar for speaking

Japanese Causative and Causative-Passive Explained

One Japanese ending covers both making someone act and letting them act. Learning to build it, and to hear which of the two a sentence carries, hands you polite permission requests and workplace humility in the same package.

Three arrows between two people showing the directions of ageru, kureru and morauGrammar for speaking

Giving and Receiving Verbs in Japanese Explained

Japanese has three verbs where English has give and receive, and the choice depends on which way the thing moves and whose side you are on. Get the direction right and a whole layer of polite, natural speech opens up.

Paired Japanese verb cards showing a door being opened and a door opening by itselfGrammar for speaking

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Japanese

English opens a door and a door opens with the same verb. Japanese gives you two verbs, and choosing the right one decides whether you sound like you did something or like something simply happened.

Japanese verbs changing into their potential forms on a classroom chartGrammar for speaking

The Japanese Potential Form: Saying What You Can Do

Can you speak Japanese, can you come tomorrow, can you eat natto: the potential form answers all three, and it is also the form you need to describe your own progress honestly.

Two colleagues at a whiteboard deciding on a plan together, with Japanese verb endings around themGrammar for speaking

Japanese Volitional Form and Making Suggestions

The volitional is the form behind every let's, shall I, and I am thinking of doing in Japanese. Learn it once and you can propose, offer, and state your plans without sounding abrupt.

A verb card being placed into a noun-shaped slot in a Japanese sentenceGrammar for speaking

Turning Verbs into Nouns in Japanese: Koto and No

Every sentence that starts with speaking Japanese is or I like watching needs a verb turned into a noun. Koto and no are the two tools, and choosing between them is easier than most textbooks make it look.

A Japanese noun with a long descriptive clause stacked in front of itGrammar for speaking

Japanese Relative Clauses: Describing Nouns

Every long Japanese sentence you have struggled to follow is built from one move: a whole clause sits in front of a noun and describes it. Learn that move and the sentences unfold in order.

Japanese must, may, and must-not patterns arranged beside a green tick and a red crossGrammar for speaking

Obligation and Permission in Japanese

Japanese has no single word for must. It says if you do not do it, that will not do, and then shortens the whole thing to two syllables in casual speech. This guide untangles the full forms, the contractions, and the permission questions that go with them.

Japanese verb groups branching into polite, negative, past, and te formsGrammar

Japanese Verb Conjugation: The Beginner-Friendly Complete Guide

Japanese verbs do not change for person or number. Once you identify three verb groups, a small set of endings generates the forms you need for most beginner conversations.

Japanese particle cards arranged as signposts between parts of a sentenceGrammar for speaking

Japanese Particles Explained: A Practical Beginner's Guide

Particles are the signposts of a Japanese sentence. Learn the core job of each one and you can build useful sentences without translating English prepositions word for word.

Colour-coded Japanese sentence chunks flowing toward a final verbGrammar for speaking

Japanese Sentence Structure: Build Natural Sentences Step by Step

Japanese word order becomes much less mysterious when you treat a sentence as labelled chunks leading to a final predicate.

Japanese te-form verb endings connected like branches on a learning mapGrammar

Japanese Te-Form Explained: How to Make It and Use It Naturally

The te-form is Japanese grammar's connector: one conjugation unlocks requests, ongoing actions, permission, sequences, and much more.

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